When a stepper motor requires a sequence of four different on-off combinations (e.g., wire 1 on, 2 on, 3 off, 4 off) cycled repeatedly to continue rotating, is a group of four
![1-phase ON mode (full-step operation) of variable reluctance stepper... | Download Scientific Diagram 1-phase ON mode (full-step operation) of variable reluctance stepper... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363836115/figure/fig1/AS:11431281086100465@1664111369883/1-phase-ON-mode-full-step-operation-of-variable-reluctance-stepper-motor-in-a-b.png)
1-phase ON mode (full-step operation) of variable reluctance stepper... | Download Scientific Diagram
![arduino - "Standard orientation" for stepper motors in data sheets - Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange arduino - "Standard orientation" for stepper motors in data sheets - Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nyeOe.gif)